Tax Return Position Paper free essay sample

Tax laws come from several sources and each source has a particular amount of rein over the laws conducted. Sources, such as the IRC, have a defined amount of say in the laws and the consequences. The way a law is interpreted and applied is also a very large part of tax law. Tax research is how tax laws are defined and followed for individual facts (Anderson, Pope Kramer 2010) Sources of Tax Law The primary and secondary sources of tax law are the Internal Revenue Code, United States Tax Court, United States district courts, Court of Federal Claims, federal ircuit courts, United States Supreme Court, Treasury Regulations, Internal Revenue Bulletin, Revenue rulings, Revenue Procedures, Notices, Announcements, Private Letter Rulings, Technical Advice Memoranda, BNA Tax management portfolios, and Law of Federal Income Taxation (Anderson, Pope Kramer 2010). The Internal Revenue Code, Title 26 of United States Code, was first created in 1939 and was redefined in 1954. We will write a custom essay sample on Tax Return Position Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Changes made to the IRC replace old information so it is always currently defined what the laws are. This is the main source of tax law. Treasury Regulations are decisions made which can illustrate the IRC. There are proposed, temporary, and final regulations. Proposed regulations are proposed but not made final, temporary regulations are the process of making a proposal final, and have less authoritative weight, than final regulations which are the final regulation. If laws are undetermined by the IRC and the Treasury Department hearings go to court. U. S. Tax Court, U. S. Court of Federal Claims and U. S district courts are the choices of presenting litigation in which laws are interpreted into rulings and claims can etermine specific facts of the laws and regulations. The U. S. Supreme Court hears important tax claims presented after a loss in the other courts. The Internal Revenue Bulletin list rulings the IRS will use in future cases and ones it will not. Revenue Rulings and Revenue Procedures are listed in this bulletin. Announcements and notices are the posting of a tax act before it is determined proposed, temporary, or legislation (UWE, 2012). Substantial Authority Substantial Authority is when different treatment of the law or the consequence is applicable. The IRS makes rulings that are not as authoritative as Treasury Regulations and court cases. These IRS rulings do not have to be followed if there is substantial authority in one of the main sources of tax law such as the IRC, court cases and proposed, temporary, and final regulations. If found the individual is liable for the tax, there is no penalty, but there is retroactive interest involved (Tarlton Law, 2009). Interpretation and Application A tax law starts the legislation process in the House of Representatives. A proposal is formed into a bill that goes the House of Ways and Means Committee that y the full House of Representatives. After approval of the House of Representatives the bill goes to the Senate Finance Committee and if passed is voted on by the full Senate. Tax Return Position Paper free essay sample Position Tax law was established in order to govern tax transactions and events. The primary source of tax law is the internal revenue code, which was established in the year 1939, and has been revised multiple times since then. In addition to information regarding company income tax, employment tax, and other pertinent tax options. The legislative process is also a primary source of tax law, which is initiated in the House of Representatives, where new tax bills can be proposed. Once a proposed bill makes it to the House of Representatives, they can vote to decide whether or not to incorporate the proposed tax bill. Treasury regulations can help with the understanding of the application of internal revenue code provisions. As a secondary source of tax law, citations to treasury regulations are used in order to substantiate propositions and help locate underlying authority. Administrative pronouncements, such as revenue rulings and letter rulings, pertain to consequences issued in relation to tax transactions and tax practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Tax Return Position Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Judicial decisions, which are also significant in reference to tax law, involve decisions made by judges on tax related laws and their subsequent consequences. Substantial authority refers to the factor of whether or not a penalty will be applied in the event a taxpayer did not adhere to the guidelines of tax law. Normally, taxpayers would be subject to a penalty if they do not adhere to the tax law according to the internal revenue code, although if there is substantial authority, that penalty would not be incurred. The title of having substantial authority allows for the taxpayer to have special treatment in regards to the tax ruling in question. The courts, as well as the Internal Revenue Service play a major role in the application and interpretation of tax law. It is the duty of the court system to ensure that tax laws are properly applied in relation to litigation claims that may arise into legal matters. Decisions by the court can be exercised via a regular decision or a memorandum decision, both which hold the same authoritative power. The small cases procedure, however, does not hold the same authoritative power as a regular decision and a memorandum decision because the case is not heard by a judge. In the even a tax payer decides to use the small cases procedure, not only is the claim at a maximum of $50,000 for the year, but the case is not heard by a judge, and is instead heard by commissioners. The taxpayer is not required to have an attorney to represent them in order to have their case heard, and the decision is not published like that of a regular decision or a memorandum decision. Some decisions made by the court are able to be appealed. In the event that a taxpayer has requested an appeal, they would be able to do so where the case was originally claimed. IN order to be able to have a case heard by the U. S. Supreme Court, the case must have great importance. If a taxpayer is able to have their case heard in the U. S. Supreme Court, the decision of the court would overrule all other decisions that had been previously made by other courts in the taxpayers’ jurisdiction. The majority of tax court is nationally represented, and does not take into account the location of the place of the businesses involved, nor does it take into account the location of the place in which the residence of the taxpayers or any of the people that are involved in the case. Tax court serves as a uniform entity which provides fair and sound decisions based on the laws and regulations at hand.

Free sample - First Nations Health. translation missing

First Nations Health. First Nations HealthFirst Nations Health 2,000 words, APA format, essay within which students will be expected to identify a number of historical and/or contemporary health related issues facing Canadian First Nations populations and explore ways that these situations might be addressed. The landscapes of Canadian urban centre’s keep on to changing and altering. Fraction of the alteration is owing to the uneven scenery of town populations, been a theatrical rising in the amount of popular living in Canadian city centers. During 2006, the section of First Nations populace living â€Å"off reserve† (60%) surpass folks living â€Å"on-reserve† (40%) (Statistics Canada, 2008a). Thus contrast by means of less than 7% of indigenous citizens who existed in cities in accordance to the 1951 census (Peters, 2004). In a lot of Canadian town centers, First Nations populace have approach to stand for a major segment of the inhabitants, and, if tendencies persist, their being there within urban centre’s will keep on to produce(Newhouse Peters, 2003). For instance in the middle of people who recognized as Aboriginal inside the 2006 Canadian survey, 54% exists in city regions (as well as census metropolitan vicinities and lesser urban centers) (info Canada, 2008a). This is chiefly accurate in Western Canada as argued inside Section 2. To connect in a few important conversations concerning urban Original Nations health or health study, it is dangerous to outlook prototypes of Aboriginal urbanization in a past background. Evelyn Peters (2004) states a bigger mirror image of federal and provincial rules concerning resolution, migration and service (p.9). In the talk of Aboriginal community, at hand has Newhouse and Peters (2003) highlights, several debates of city Aboriginal demographics or social trends or health have to take into consideration the past circumstances that created these urbanization trends in the initial position (p.9). A lot of Canad ian cities breed in places that were in the past used by Aboriginal populace as resolutions or congregation places. Present urbanization models have to be tacit as stemming on or after the events that detached Aboriginal community as of up-and-coming town areas. As Peters (2004) give details, these proceedings diverse as of situating or moving treasury away from capital, to put into effect a pass scheme, to enforcing management strategies meant at enclosing Aboriginal nation away as of built-up centers. This chronological authenticity repeats us that outlines of urbanization intended for Aboriginal people are not similar to additional asylum seeker to conurbation in Canada. Even though Aboriginal nations can encounter various a like confront and chances, countless Aboriginal natives are travelling inside their customary regions. As Peters (2004) write down, â€Å"A lot of [Aboriginal people] contain prospects that their Aboriginal identities and rights will create dissimilarities t o the habits that they organize and live their lives in inner-city areas. The explanations of Aboriginal privileges in urban spots stand for a most important modern confront for governments, mutually Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal† (p. 3). The issues pressurizing the present tendency in greater than previous to urban immigration through First Nations populace consequence from a multifaceted interaction of financial, historical issues and social native researchers and additional scholars have branded the next as key issues: lack of chances for teaching and service in set aside or countryside communities; the require to get better on the whole socioeconomic status and living conditions; at residence; the call for professionals health services; the short of access to ample accommodation in a number of country and set aside group of people; plus an anticipation of chances and in a number of cases excitement in city life (Newhouse Peters, 2003; Levesque, 2003; Peters, 2004; Royal C ommission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1993, 1996; Solicitor General of Canada, 1998). Prominently, even as cities could have caught up Aboriginal populace since of superior services, instructive or financial opportunities, they too situate intended for places in which many Aboriginal citizens’ knowledge racial discrimination, marginalization, poverty and keeping out (Peters, 2004). There is too proof to propose that the current legal confines of the Indian Act (such as group membership, description of how individual can maintain ranks, agreement talks, and the consequences of Bill-C31) might too be impacting the obscurity of Aboriginal urbanization. For instance, Bill C-31, which permitted for the restoration of those (largely women) in addition to their offspring who had misplaced status owing to the Indian Act policies, resulted in an add to in the recorded Indian inhabitants, predominantly in city areas. Dissimilar to a lot of additional urban residents, primary Nations populac e frequently uphold burly ties with rustic and/ or set aside communities, moving back and forth on a habitual foundations, contributing to the challenge only if correct profiles of city Aboriginal populations as well as communities (Peters, 2004; Norris Clatworthy, 2003; Newhouse Peters, 2003). Relocation back and forth among reserve, rural and urban communities might stand for not a malfunction to correct to city existence (as is at times unspecified), other than an effort to uphold very important in addition to focused community dealings (Peters, 2004). Prototype of mobility flanked via and inside communities, On the other hand, can also effect in an under-representation of city Aboriginal health and societal tendencies, particularly in the middle of people who are living in unbalanced accommodation arrangements. At hand are a number of vital fallacies associated to Aboriginal urbanization to regard as seriously prior to happenings to talk about demographic, social trends or health, or wellbeing research programs. One is that the present inclination on the way to urbanization does not necessarily entail reserve depopulation Newhouse and rural Peters, 2003; Peters, 2004). Quite, the mainly current example is one of movement back and forth flanked by city places, and coffe rs and countryside communities. A second misconception is that while Aboriginal people have a better possibility of living in deprived quarters, people who sees as Aboriginal are more and more found in an extensive diversity of locations in the metropolis. The idea of interior city ghettos as the site of town First Nations public ought to, consequently, is problematic. At the similar time, thought must past marginalization is frequently faked in the city where many are economically barred from meticulous areas of dwelling. A third misunderstanding is that Aboriginal people countenance main confrontation in generating culture and community in built-up places. As Peters (1998, 2004) summit out, thoughts concerning the inappropriateness of Aboriginal people and city existence have been in the past create, and carry on to be repeated in up to date era. This has added to the postulation inside government, rule makers, and a number of associates of the community that urban are mainly plac es of loss of community and culture for Aboriginal community. Peters (2004) and David Newhouse (2000) argue or else; a lot of Aboriginal people are operational to construct community and culture in municipal areas, and urbanization is happening down with strengthening of educational individuality. These issues require to be documented to understand the complex and full examples of illness, health and quality of existence designed for city First Nations populations. Subsist cautious of the authority of statistics and including as one additional lawmaking expertise. Communal scientists contain established the method in which figures and quantification to be used in prevailing populations and the penalty of such practices (Neylan, 2005; Greenhalgh, 2005; Rose, 1999). Predominantly, these lessons exemplify how the quantification and counting of exacting crowds of people may be used to give good reason for coercive legislative practices (Greenhalgh, 2005 p.4). Norris, Kerr and Guimond (2 002) as well make available a dangerous conversation of the confrontation in manufacturing prà ©cised inhabitants’ approximation for First Nations and Aboriginal peoples in the Canadian background. They emphasize how transformation in Indian Act legislation (for example the restoration of children and women as recorded Indians under Bill C-31); the progress to make use of with communal dialogues concerning what it means to recognize oneself as Aboriginal) as the pointer for inhabitants. Communicable diseases not only symbolize a trouble for alteration populations, but they can also be overwhelming to Canada communities that characteristically obtain previous prisoners once they are freed. Countrywide, 1600 offenders are at large every day from jail and the majorities are recurring to not as good as, urban neighborhoods. In accordance to the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, the economic burden of alcohol move on the way to that of tobacco. An existing Canadian price learn, based on 2002 statistics, predicts the shared charge of substance maltreatment to be $39.8 billion, on behalf of a cost of $1,267 for every Canadian. Tobacco financial records for about $17 billion (42.7% of the total estimate), alcohol financial records for about $14.6 billion (36.6%) and illegal drugs for about $8.2 billion (20.7%). The societal costs incorporated in the 2006 revision includes the straight expenses of health care, enforcement, study and avoidance and the not direct expenses of misplaced output in the bureau or at residence. The proof shows that a important fee of bereavement, damage and sickness could be a bridged for prospect cohort by put into practice effectual interference to put off matter mistreatment. In Ontario, alcohol maltreatment expenses were predictable at $5.3 billion, or 37.2%, of all expenses (alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs) and illegal drugs accounted for $2.9 billion, or 20.4%, of all expenses. Alcohol is a drug that is willingly available and lawful to devour. Illegitimate drugs are banned and even if the use of against the law drugs in attendance important health hazards, the straight expenses of alcohol present an extra considerable subject for Ontarians. As epidemiological proof and investigate propose that community wellbeing labors focus on plummeting the charges of alcohol use are necessary. The "assessment of the Community Mental Health System" (2002) explained a disconnect flanked by community-based and institutional cerebral physical condition services. While company live, linkage is not time after time burly within mental health services and usually have been feeble with additional health care services such as major health care and addictions. In other authority, habitation services have been allied with mental health services and have establish original chances for civilizing admission and self-confident group of people treatment is a team treatment approach intended to offer complete, community-based mental health management, therapy and sustain to personnel with harsh and unrelenting mental sickness. Persons served by self-confident society action are persons with stern and constant mental illness or behavior disorder, with stern practical impairments, who have keep away from or not reacted well to customary outpatient mental health concern. These persons frequent ly have simultaneous evils such as inferior housing, stuff abuse evils and/or participation with the court structure. Self-confident Community Treatment is supposed to be obtainable for folks who may have turn out to be marginalized in their society due to the indication of their ill health and their following behaviors. Personnel living through psychosis and other extended term mental illnesses may say no to take medicine and also decline interference by mental health therapist. Their performance may be odd, particularly if they are responding to hallucinations and they may be fearful or suspicious of others. As a result, their activities of daily living are impacted. They may not socialize well, take care of their personal hygiene or their surroundings. Families may be very worried and concerned but unable to help, particularly if their loved one is refusing help. Communities may be concerned for the individual, but unable to activate help. Too often the police are the only ones left to intervene. The mental health arrangement should be supposed to be more approachable to the requirements of these folks, families and communities. Self-confident community treatment is a confirmation pedestal best carry out that has had constructive outcomes in extra influences (Lang et al, 1999; Davidson, 1999) and ought to be fraction of the range of psychological health services in this province. As women in Canada take pleasure in far more egalitarianism than their sisters in lots of other countries, they keep on experiencing discrimination in their lives. Disparity is obvious in the solemn level of aggression besides women and the rough workloads that happen in close and relatives relationships. In the place of work, it is obvious in uneven disburse and profit, an unequal allocation of low-level and part-time labor and sexual irritation. In health and medicine, it is obvious in the under-attention certain to female-specific ailment, in study with men that is comprehensive to women and in the over-lexicalization of ordinary reproductive progressions. Counseling is a out of the ordinary connection built on discretion, common high opinion as well as open announcement, by way of the intent of helping public to illuminate in addition to make out their troubles along with to come across their have possession of explanation. The following are types of the assumption of psychotherapy: psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and humanistic approaches. Psychodynamics is the systematized study and theory of the psychological forces that underlie human behavior, emphasizing the interplay between unconscious and conscious motivation Jungian psychology (or Analytical psychology) is a training institution of psychology started off as of the thoughts of psychiatrist from Swiss who was called Jung Carl, and after that highly developed by his apprentices and furthered by other thinkers who went after in his custom. It is dissimilar on or after psychoanalysis called Freudian   but as well has a numeral of resemblances. Its endeavor is the uneasiness and incorporation of the bottomless services and inspirations fundamental human being manners by the performance of phenomenology an accumulative  Ã‚   just about the implication of folklore, dreams and mythology. Psychology Depth, including psychology archetypal, is allied so as to, it provide work for the replica of the comatose brain as the basis of remedial and growth in a human being. On behalf of him, an experiential analysis of the humanity of myth, dream and folklore stand for the majority gifted highway to its fully understanding. That technique alternative is correlated by means of his option of the thing of his knowledge of science. Jung (1985) stated that the attractiveness concerning the comatose is that it is actually comatose (p.1). Therefore, the lifeless is impervious by untried studies - in fact it is absent of any likely type of philosophic or scientific   arrive at exactly since it is insensible. While the cataleptic can't be deliberated via straight loom, according to Jung hypothesis. His hypothesize comatose was fairly diverse of the copy planned by Freud, although the huge power that the creator of Psychoanalysis had to Jung. The mainly famous variation is the theory of the unconscious collective. The overarching objective of psychology Jungian is the ceasefire of the existence of the entity with the globe of the personal –supra archetypes. Essential to this development is the persons meet with the comatose. Humans’ skills the comatose during cipher run into in all features of living: in art, dreams, religio n, and the figurative comedies we pass in our dealings and living quests. Necessary to meet with the comatose, and the settlement of the person’s awareness with this wider world, knows this figurative idiom. Merely during concentration and honesty to this humankind is the person clever to match her or his existence by these personal archetypal services. The meet amid awareness and the ciphers occurring from the comatose improves existence and endorsees development in psychological. Jung chooses this course of mental escalation and maturation to be of decisive significance to the individual and eventually to current society. Cognitive behavioral therapies or Cognitive behavioral therapy also known as CBT is the psychotherapeutic move that intends to resolve tribulations about dysfunctional behaviors, feeling and cognitions during a systematic procedure, goal-oriented. The label is used in varied habits to assign cognitive therapy, behavior therapy and to submit remedy based ahead in recipe of vital cognitive and behavioral and research (Beck, 1970, p.1). There is pragmatic proof that CBT is efficient sin favor of the action of a diversity of evils, as well as anxiety, mood, personality, substance abuse, eating and psychotic disorders. Healing is frequently done manually, with detailed technique-driven direct, short and time-limited behaviors for explicit emotional confusion. CBT is used in entity therapy and group scenery and the practices are frequently modified for self-help functions. A few researchers and clinicians are further cognitive slanting; others are additionally behaviorally used to, extra i ntervention combines equally (Clark, 1990, p.5). CBT was first and foremost urbanized during a inclusion of cognitive therapy with behavior therapy. As entrenched in somewhat unlike theories, these two ethnicities got familiar position in focusing on the â€Å"now and here", as well as on ease indication. A lot of CBT healing agendas for definite disarrays have been assess for effectiveness and efficacy; A health-care inclination of evidence-made treatment, Wherever detailed cure for based -symptom identify are suggested, has privileged CBT above new loom such as treatments for psychodynamic. In the Kingdom of United, the Institute for National Health and Clinical Excellence advocates for CBT as the cure of preference for a numeral of health mental problems, including OCD, post-traumatic stress disorder, bulimia nervosa, and clinical depression, as well as for the neurological state fatigue chronic syndrome. Construct theory also known as PCT is a psychological theory of individual cognition. Eddington (1950) states, "Science is the effort to put in array the essentials of knowledge (p.3).   George Kelly (1950), the psychologist and architect of individual construct theory, pressed these thoughts two steps extra. His incidental that psychology as an art was a challenge to set in order the truths of creature know how, consequently that the psychologist might create superior forecast concerning what populace resolve to do when face up by fresh situations (p.8). He openly affirmed that every person’s psychological job is to place in organized facts of his or her possess practices. Afterward all of us, similar to the scientist, are to check the truthfulness of that creation information by doing those trials the erections suggested. If the consequences of our events are in row by what the information forecast then we contain a good work of discovering the arrangement in our personal practices. If not, next we have to be eager to alter incredible: our predictions or our interpretations or both. This technique of finding out and prospering our making is purely the scientific process used by all new sciences to learn the fact concerning the cosmos we exist in. Populace widens construct as inner thoughts of realism in order to know the world about them. They be able to be based on experiences or observations. Each construct being bipolar, state how two things are alike to every one and unlike from a third thing. They are able to be prolonged with fresh ideas. Psychology of Personal Construct also known as PCP is a theory of personality urbanized by the American psychologist called George Kelly in the 1950s. Starting the theory, Kelly psychotherapy advances and also a system named The Repertory Grid Interview which transformed his patients to expose their possession "constructs" by means of negligible interference or understanding through the therapist. A Repertory was in a while modified for a variety of uses inside organizations, as well as interpretation and decision-making of extra people's global-views. Kelly understood in a non-invasive move towards psychotherapy. The patient’s manners is subsequently generally clarified as habits to selectively scrutinize the world, work on it and bring up to date the construct structure in such a method as to boost obviousness. To assist the enduring know his constructs, Kelly urbanized the Repertory Grid interrogation method.    Psychology of Humanistic is a psychological point of view which comes about to eminence in the middle of 20th century, illustration on the labor of early initiators like Rogers Carl   and the viewpoints of phenomenology and existentialism. It gets used to holistic advances to human survival throughout analysis of personal responsibility, freedom, meaning, values, tragedy, spirituality, human potential and self-actualization. The humanistic move toward has its ancestry in an existentialist,   phenomenological and   thought (Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger Sartre, 1995, p.12). The case study of relationship of humanistic dialogue by means of self-absorbed as well as excessively hopeful worldviews is a misunderstanding theory of humanistic. In their answers to Csikszentmihalyi Seligman (2000), Bohart Greening (2001) make a note of that down through pieces on self-actualization as well as person realization, humanistic psychologists contain   in print papers on a broad varie ty of communal issues and subjects, such as the endorsement of global peace and indulgent, Consciousness of the holocaust, the decrease of brutality, and the endorsement of community wellbeing and fairness for all (p.6). Psychotherapy of Existential is a system of therapy which maneuvers on the faith that central clash inside a individual is due to that persons argument by means of the givens of reality. These givens, as well-known by Yalom (1950), are: the predictability of passing away, responsibility, liberty and its attendant existential disjointing and lastly meaninglessness. These four stated, too are kwon to as definitive concerns, makes the body of real psychotherapy and create the structure in which a counselor conceptualizes a customer’s dilemma in order to expand a technique of cure. Therapy of Existential starts with the idea that even if humans are fundamentally unaccompanied in the world, they are extensively to be associated to others. Populace would like to have sense in one another's life, but in the end they have to come to comprehend that they cannot survive on others for corroboration, and by that understanding they lastly admit and appreciate that they are basically by the mselves (p.12). The consequence of this exposure is nervousness in the information that our corroboration has to come as of within and not as of others. The psychotherapist of existential is usually not worried with the customer’s history; instead, the importance is on the options to be completed in the present as well as future. The counselor in addition to the client might replicate ahead how the customer has respond life's inquiries in the earlier period, but concentration in the end move to penetrating for a fresh as well as amplified consciousness in the in attendance in addition to enabling a fresh liberty and accountability to do something. The patient can be able to then believe they are not out of the ordinary, plus that their being is merely totally unplanned, with no destiny or luck. By means of accepting this, they be able to overcome their worries, and instead look life as flashes, within which they are essentially at no cost. Therapy of Gestalt is an existential/ empirical outward appearance of psychotherapy which highlights   responsibility of individual, as well as to that centered ahead of   the persons understanding in the present moments, the relationship between the therapist and client, the ecological and communal circumstances of a individual life along with the persons-regulating changes people build as an effect of their generally circumstances. The purpose of Gestalt therapy is to make possible the customer to turn out to be more completely and productively alive in addition to become gratis as of the blocks and incomplete dealings that possibly will diminish contentment, accomplishment, and development, as well as to try out with innovative ways of living (Fritz, 1952, p.6).   Because of these motives therapy of Gestalt falls inside the category of psychotherapies of humanistic. Since Gestalt therapy contains awareness and the meaning of making development by which practices forms, it ca n as well be careful a cognitive advances. For the reasons that Gestalt therapy relies on the get in touch with therapist also client, and as a rapport can be careful to be contact over occasion, Gestalt therapy can be careful a interpersonal and relational approach. Since Gestalt therapy being grateful for the better image which is the multifaceted circumstances connecting numerous authorities in a intricate conditions, it can be careful a multi-systemic scheme. When therapy of Gestalt is contrasted to other clinical fields, an individual can discover a lot of matches, or summits of similarities. Analysis of Transactional is generally identified as TA to its fanatics, is an integrative understanding to the assumption of psychotherapy as well as psychology. It is Integrative since it has fundamentals of humanist, psychoanalytic as well as cognitive approaches. It was urbanized by Canadian who was born in US psychiatrist called Eric Berne during the late 1950s. People over and over again generate demands in others to exchange a few words in a way that equalize their manner, for instance, in this case study a person in charge who talks in the direction of his employees as a controlling father will over and over again convey about self-abasement otherwise additional childlike replies. Those employees who refuse to go along with possibly will get detached or else labeled the same as "trouble". Communication can be knowledgeable as optimistic or pessimistic depending on the scenery of the strokes surrounded by them. On the other hand, an unenthusiastic operation is favored to no op eration at all, for the reason that of a deep-seated hunger in support of strokes. The scenery of communication is vital to considerate statement. Psychiatric type of nursing as well as mental health nursing is the area of expertise of nursing that worries for populace of all eras by way of mental distress or   mental illness, thus include psychosis, schizophrenia, depression, dementia or bipolar disorder . Nurses in this neighborhood get more teaching in psychological therapies, structure a therapeutic association, working with demanding activities, as well as the management of psychiatric medication As with additional areas of   practice of nursing, psychiatric psychological fitness nursing mechanism surrounded by nursing models, make use of care plans for nursing, as well as look for to be concerned for the entire person. Nevertheless, the importance of health of mental   nursing is on the growth of a healing association or agreement (Mason, 1997, p.1). In put into practice, these shows to the nurse be supposed to look for to connect by means of the being in mind in a optimistic as well as joint way that resolve sanction the patient to illustrate on his or her internal income in addition to some additional action they might be getting. Privacy is at the present extensively documented as a coercive plan with harmful penalties for the customers as well as employees concerned. Yet, this interference goes a long way as often in cerebral physical condition services globally. Owing to their straight mind positions, harbors are normally caught up in the beginning or administration of privacy. Sympathetic nurses' approach to privacy is consequently vital for the achievement of any challenge to diminish its use. An appraisal of the writing was done by means of the look for terms containment’, ‘patient’, ‘’attitudes’, seclusion ‘’ and nurses ‘. Hospitalization of children though Psychiatric has the impending for equally advantage and damage. Hospitalization can assist to ease pressure or battle an exacerbation of sickness, form adaptive answers to existence demands, and establish outpatient treatments. Conversely, it has the potential for harm when a youth’s behavior is met with great technique of manages thus protected restraint or seclusion (Alty, 1997, p.12). The United States of America federal as well as specialized teaching lad seclusion plus restraint by offspring instruct that these interference ought to merely be used because a final optioning state that pretense a important hazard to the youngster or others (American Academy of Pediatrics 1997). Though, the majority of states carry on letting the use of safe seclusion through offspring as well as young people (Repper et al., 1994, p.9). A well-liked technique of self-control decrease is employees preparation aimed at mounting violence organization and disas ter interference abilities. In reply to rise behaviors, personnel are trained to react in a unbiased way (especially to threats or provocation) and to use tone of voice to soothe and assist clients to modulate their affect. The term mental health encompasses a great deal about a single person, including how we feel, how we behave, and how well we function. This single aspect of our person cannot be measured or easily reported but it is possible to obtain a global picture by collecting subjective and objective information to delve into a person’s true mental health and well being. When identifying mental health wellness and planning interventions, here are a few things to keep in mind when completing a thorough mental health assessment in the nursing profession: Electroconvulsive treatments incite a seizure comparable to an impressive mal epileptic attack by means of an emotional upset. No one recognize precisely how electro-paroxysmal treatments create a despair raise, other than it now works. Back in 1960s or previous, electroconvulsive treatment was over-agreed. Crack, incisor defeat, power reduction occurred. These existence, patients are slight tranquillizers to diminish such unfavorable proc eedings.straight away aforementioned to the action, the enduring is inserted by means of a medicine that avert irregular spirit beats, after that the enduring is known an barbiturate intravenous which is used as the universal sedative, as well as then the overcrowding mediator. A rubber bar is typically located keen on patient’s oral cavity, to avoid dialect biting. Electrodes are emotionally involved to the patient's scalp - a button is put in for a few seconds, the seizure itself final in relation to 30 seconds, and numerous minutes later the patient get up confused with unsteady, and repeatedly with no memory of the proceedings adjacent the healing. Electroconvulsive treatment was established to labor extremely healthy patients undergo on or after main despair in spite of the era (p.11). The efficiency plus side effects of electroconvulsive treatment in teenagers are in fact similar with persons in adults. Though, present is an all-encompassing unwillingness to utilize electroconvulsive treatment in kids along with adolescents (p.7). At what time electroconvulsive rehabilitation was prearranged with no tranquillization, the occurrence in addition to harshness of post-functioning campaigning along with side effects were extensively better in persons   patients by means of a far above the ground stage of nervousness previous to action. In cooperation diazepam moreover haloperidol were established to be effectual in restrain campaigning with surface belongings in nervous, miserable patients, other than by diazepam revival time was longer.Intended for secure behavior of electro paroxysmal treatment, universal anesthesia, such as t hiopentone sodium, is managed to the patients. It offered greater haemodynamic constancy through the modus operandi along with a rapid revival as of slumber as of their study.    Electroconvulsive therapy possible mechanisms the definite instrument for electroconvulsive therapy is not clear. Other than, scientists contain found a number of pertinent information: participation of rejection is dangerous in the good organization of Electroconvulsive remedy. Reductions in accurate prefrontal intellectual blood current have been connected by means of indicative development in miserable persons in receipt of electroconvulsive cure. Non- all-encompassing close to infrared spectroscopy has beforehand been exposed to dependably gauge modify in brainy hemoglobin absorption as well as oxygen diffusion. Fabbri F as well as his co-workers at Tufts University establishes with the intention of the electrically encourage convulsion origins as a tough brainy deoxygenating on the side to the electrical flow, throughout the correct one-sided electroconvulsive healing. A diminish in the totality hemoglobin attentiveness was as well observed on the brain side to the electrical li beration of electroconvulsive treatment (p.3). The Teknion Chistyakov AV et al at, from the Israel Institute of Technology establish the antidepressant result of electroconvulsive healing allied by way of an augmentation of left excitability hemispheric. In schoolwork, they engaged 22 patients by means of main despair and allocated them to take delivery of electro-paroxysmal treatment plus correct transcranial prefrontal captivating inspiration otherwise electro-convulsive treatment with pretense magnetic transcranial inspiration.They functional electro-convulsive cure twice weekly and transcranial magnetic stimulation on the remaining 4 days, throughout 3 weeks. This experiential noticeable clinical development in 19 out of the 22 patient. in addition to, these patients was linked by means of a momentous augment of the motor call to mind possible P/M-wave area share, reduce of the lively motor doorsill along with decrease of the intra-cortical reserve in the left hemisphere. Electroconvulsive psychotherapy helpfulness was cortically unproductive in 27 (20%) of 136 miserable patients. breakdown to act in retort happened in ongoing gloominess as well as in patients with the past of long-lasting despair. In these cases the despair lasted at smallest amount 6 months. The suggestion is planned so as to electro-paroxysmal analysis is successful merely after specified inside 6 months of the impulsive conclusion of the sadness (Gass, 2003, p.14). Electroconvulsive psychoanalysis for drug treatment resistant group collectively with pharmacotherapy is established to be secure and valuable by means of non-lasting slanted reminiscence complexity for the medicine behavior opposed to collection of psychotic patients. Electroconvulsive rehabilitation facilitates recuperation in this potentially medicine management unwilling psychotic subject matter. Electroconvulsive analysis side effects the most marked side effect is short-term reminiscence defeat in about two-thirds of the patients. A number of patients are able to knowledge longer-term reminiscence defeat. Complaint of muscle ache (31.4%), post-electroconvulsive analysis perplexity (15.7%) as well as post-ECT annoyance (20%) in the initial week of action, were not apparent at follow up. hypertension Transient (13%) as well as dysrhythmia cardiac (3.5%), which determined in the revival era were the majority recurrent difficulty in a revision of pallid feminine patients. Magnetic convulsion remedy is the use of magnetic transcranial inspiration to persuade a fit. It is supposed that attractive arrest analysis can persuade additional beleaguered convulsion. The technique is based on the code that a time-unreliable mesmeric meadow encouraged an exciting meadow which guides to commencement of inhibitory with neurons excitatory in neural tissue. This magnetic meadow passes from side to side tissue without hindrance, as long as additional manage larger than the site and level of encouragement than c an be accomplished with Electroconvulsive treatment. Beginning consequences propose that magnetic apprehension cure may have a number of compensation in excess of Electroconvulsive rehabilitation in stipulations of slanted side belongings in addition to sensitive cognitive performance. Stipulation improved put into practice is to be attained a lot of issues call for to be addressed in organized to speed up this objective. Initial, if nurses are to adjudicator stipulation their self-possession utilize is near to the ground or far above the ground they necessitate a database on command along with privacy rates meant intended for benchmarking   rationale. Barely diminutive integers of United States have need of hospitals to statement their command along with privacy information, until now these statistics are desired meant for circumstances as well as infirmary coordination representative and workforce to be capable to arbitrator their routine (Busch Shore 2000). moreover, statistics banks be supposed to be conventional with self-discipline charges in ordinary forms subsequent methods so as to let intended for irritated contrast with additional sanatorium (Bowers 2000; NAPHS 2001). Infirmary personnel as well want information admission schemes in arranged for them to track trends on the use of aggression management apparatus such as PRN medicine. At the same time as acknowledging that such pills be supposed to not be used because element manacles, they might be effectual in organization campaigning so as to be not act in response to de-appreciation performance. The present strategies on top of recommends antipsychotics on the way to offspring warn concerning the use of PRN tablets optional as typical action for hostility in addition to in the case of frequent management medical doctors   be supposed to optimize status medication   (Pappadopulos et al. 2003). information are considered indispensable to come back with inquiries with reference to underneath what circumstances a PRN prescription become quiet hazardous violent behavior, in addition to in what state of affairs it is not successful in put a stop to the need for self-possession. (Firm), R. ( 1998). Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy, Volume 7. New York: Routledge. Ansel L. Woldt, S. M. ( 2005). Gestalt therapy: history, theory, and practice. London: SAGE. Charman, D. P. (2004). Core processes in brief psychodynamic psychotherapy: advancing effective practice. Lawrence Erlbaum: Lawrence Erlbaum. Clarkson, P. (1993). Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy: An Integrated Approach. New York: Routledge . Dryden, W. (2007). Dryden's handbook of individual therapy. London: SAGE. Dunne, C. ( 2002). Carl Jung: Wounded Healer of the Soul: An Illustrated Biography. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. Editors, B. C. (1982). Humanistic approaches: an empirical view. Britain: British Council. Fordham, M. (1998). Freud, Jung, Klein - The Fenceless Field: Essays on Psychoanalysis and Analytical Psychology. Carlifonia: Routledge. Ginger, S. (2007). Gestalt therapy: the art of contact. London: Karnac Books. Graves, M. A. (1999). George Kelly: a research and production sourcebook. Michigan: Greenwood Press. Heuvel, M. V. ( 1996). Elmer Rice: a research and production sourcebook. Michigan: Greenwood Press. James Burgess Waldram, A. H. (2006). Aboriginal health in Canada: historical, cultural, and epidemiological perspectives. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, . Jennings Bryant, D. R.-E. (2003). Communication and Emotion: Essays in Honor of Dolf Zillmann. London: Routledge. John Sommers-Flanagan, R. S.-F. ( 2004). Counseling and psychotherapy theories in context and practice: skills, strategies, and techniques. San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons. Laurence J. Kirmayer, G. G. ( 2009). Healing Traditions: The Mental Health of Aboriginal Peoples in Canada. Toronto: UBC Press. Monica Ramà ­rez Basco, A. J. (2007). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Bipolar Disorder. London: Guilford Press. Nelson-Jones, R. (2008). Introduction to Counselling Skills: Text and Activities. London : SAGE Publications Ltd. Peach, I. ( 2007). Constructing tomorrow's federalism: new perspectives on Canadian governance. Toronto: Univ. of Manitoba Press. Susan Greenhalgh, E. A. (2005). Governing China's population: from Leninist to neoliberal biopolitics. Carlifonia: Stanford University Press. Tudor, K. (2002). Transactional analysis approaches to brief therapy, or, What do you say between saying hello and goodbye? London: SAGE. Viney, L. L. (1996). Personal construct therapy: a handbook. Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.

Massive open online course (MOOC) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Massive open online course (MOOC) - Case Study Example Despite such obstacles if the stated solutions are adapted, the program can be developed as one of the best ways of updating an individual’s learning skills. Overview Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is determined to be one of the most common topics amid many institutional critics over the years. It is considered to be an online course generally developed for large scale, cooperative involvement and open admission via the web with the prime motive of providing mas education facilities. The process of MOOC is measured to be much advanced than traditional course materials. As it not only provides videos, readings and problem sets but it also offers an opportunity to interact with users which facilitates the students, professors and teaching assistance to build a cooperative community. With the rapid development in the technological periphery and an increasing number of people aiming to continue studies along with their jobs, it has provided a major opportunity for academic cent ers to adopt the new technique of providing education via the web. However, there have been significant developments which cite MOOC to be a threat in the educational sector (Educause, 2013; Weiss, 2013). The main objective of this paper is to provide a descriptive study that would explain the importance of MOOC in today’s educational context. ... However, it has been viewed that there exists very limit sources that can be considered as an effective mode for learning modern procedures and gathering knowledge. In addition, it has been measured that there exist numerous people who do not get adequate time from their working schedule to gain updated knowledge simultaneously with their work, as they need to earn their livelihood for managing their family (Pope, 2013). MOOC was developed with the prime motive of delivering learning contents online to any person located anywhere in the globe with no limit on attendance. It is generally an online program which provides an opportunity to connect with different people in terms of sharing thoughts, ideas through webinars, articles and online discussion on the individual’s specific topics of interest. Additionally, another prime advantage of MOOC is that it provides a list of resources gathered from different academic initiatives along with updated learning syllabus. It has also b een viewed that MOOC form of education involves project based learning that guides individuals to create plans to increase their intellectual and technical knowledge. In an era of financial reductions by federal bodies, it has been viewed that schools and colleges have cut budgets related to developing professional developments within individuals. It has been viewed that MOOC is a relatively new innovation in the education sector that provides a major prospect for individuals to help bridge their achievements in their academic aspects along with offering a scope to earn income to support their livelihood. However, it has been viewed that many critics suggest that the

Retail Business and Consumer Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Retail Business and Consumer Environment - Essay Example Success in retailing is the result of sensitive perceptive decisions that require imaginative and innovative techniques. For example, as the American economy continued in its slow down a few years ago, many retailers were afraid to embrace new ideas. Instead of using their creative power to increase their competitive advantage, these retailers either just continued doing things as they always had done them, cut costs without thinking about the impact on customer satisfaction or copied what their competitors were doing† (Dunne 2008). These decisions are complicated by business environment because of low margins, high capital requirements, often or cyclical consumer demands. In recent years, retailers have turned to new information technologies to fight with these challenges. Indeed, the latest generation of a retail application has become and continues to be, a game changer in this industry. Studies show that those retailers deploying advanced technology solutions realize signif icant shareholder returns on average, with the help of technology-driven improvements like enhanced customer loyalty, efficient sales channels, advanced supply chain operations, and agiler merchandising. â€Å"Three fundamental and interrelated changes have occurred in European retail environment: first, the balance of power has shifted along the distribution channels from the manufactures to the retailers, secondly, traditional independent retailers and cooperatives have lost market share to multiple chain organizations, thirdly, markets have become increasingly consolidated and concentrated† (Gilbert 2003). Long-term business success is becoming more complex, for example, new technologies make it possible for companies to compete for customers in multiple sales channels and venues, including those on the phone, and on the web, allowing retailers to gain market share. The retails need the capacity to serve customers anytime and anywhere. Here is the relevance of the study of retail business and the consumer environment. Starting with a brief description of the retail business, going through the political, socio, economic, cultural factors affecting consumption patterns by applying appropriate theories of retail development in needed portions, it further explains the implication of retailing in urban development, and how advanced technologies can help retail industry to gain market share. When one observes the international retail market, for example, in the United States, the retail industry originated from a community shop where people would shop for necessity items. Single general stores were common because of limited population, and the disconnectivity of the people within the city. Later societies advanced with population increase went to big cities, and new technologies enabled to enhance interconnectivity among people, and easy communication between distanced cities gave further opportunities for the formation of specialty stores. In the current scenario, the US retail industry is booming. With this exponential growth of retail business across the nation can in the very near future come into the category of infrastructure industry. Adaptation is an important fact in the retail industry as trends in society, a taste of various products and people’s demand are more. In business to business market, managing customer relations and fulfilling their need is a vital factor. A customer is the main focus.

Stock Market Prices - Web Based App Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Stock Market Prices - Web Based App - Coursework Example There are many advances in stock technologies, although the real time stock out has gotten the most press coverage recently. There are diverse technologies with various capabilities, price points, and footprints. After some time, this evolving change in the stock exchange will spread to other sectors as well. Anything of material significance will be stream –tagged to report its state in real time...... Sophisticated financial operations and keen investors require state of the art trading systems with potential of handling operations in terms of complexity and volume. Challenge the market The challenges faced by markets place are the ability to handle increased volume of trading and latest financial instrument. This calls for the implementation of new rules and regulations that demand for setting up latest cutting edge systems or modifying or even upgrading the existing systems without interfering the on-going operations Challenges 1. Quick and quality execution 2. High Performance 3. Scalability to handle high volumes without degrading in performance 4. Platform neutral 5. Security Overview The documentation is to be developed to cater to the operational needs of the investors all over the world. Therefore, the architecture covers all aspects of Real time market information. Real Time and Delayed Stock Quotes The stock quotes are available on real time basis for which the bourse ch arges a monthly fee while the delayed mode which occurs on the basis of 15-20 minutes delay or lag and available for free. Relevant parameters from the stock market 1. Spot price is acquired from stock exchange’s current basic stock trade price. 2. Exercise price, Time to Maturity are acquired from option exchange quotes. 3. Risk free rate depends on different economies, for example, the US market and the US Treasury 4. Suggested bill rate is 5. Volatility is acquired from user entries; the goal is to give an individual user freedom to decide on their own volatility method. It helps in carrying a test for volatility’s accuracy against the basic market price. Finance data service provider The data is obtained

A Critical Analysis Of Fast Food

A Critical Analysis Of Fast Food The paper is an essay a critical analysis of fast food. Both arguments for and against fast food are brought forth and thoroughly explained. A brief history of first food also constitutes part of this essay. It has been argued that change is as good as rest. The development of fast food was instigated by swift pace of life, the need to save time, energy, engaging in other activities other than cooking and spending time in the field and hectic schedule currently experience by the working human populations. Fast food is refers to those kinds of food that are prepared and ready to be eaten within the shortest time possible. Additionally, fast food constitute foodstuffs that are available for sale in restaurants and stores made up of ingredients that that can be preheated or precooked without any problem and served in a take away form (Egerton Bleidt 13). Fast foods are characterized by high fat content, high calories, high cholesterol, and quick, convenient and high sodium concentration. Similarly, it is inexpensive made from ingredients that are cheap such as fat meat and refined grains. These kinds of foods are not only available in restaurants but also in vending equipment as well as 24-hour expediency stores. According to Brown 1, U.S.A had the number of fast food restaurants about 14,000 followed by Japan which had approximately 4,000 restaurants. Globally, there are close to 11, 000 restaurants that serve fast food as at 2008. Additionally, close to 10 million people are served with fast food in the entire world in any given day. It is worth noting that although fast food has gain popularity, there are disadvantages as well as advantages of the same which thus forms the backbone of this paper. Examples of fast food include the following, sandwiches, hot dogs, pitas, fried chicken, French fries, chicken nuggets, tacos, pizza, hamburgers, fish and chips and ice cream to mention but a few (Egerton Bleidt 313). 2.0 History of fast food History of fast food can be linked to urbanization as well as the various activities done by certain persons within the community for instance soldiers, shepherds, hunters among others who were in need of foodstuffs that can be consumed very fast and of course far from homes. Historically, in the past men were born to work in the field while women were to spend most of their lives in activities associated with the kitchen which include cooking. When we consider family size, the work done by a woman for instance cooking for a family of 10 for a full year using the tradition way of chopping, grinding is nothing but slavery. For instance, in Mexico, those families that had no servant in their disposal, a woman could spend over five hours preparing dough and waking as early as 3:00am in the morning to prepared breakfast (Laudan 38). The need to change this scenario is attributed to development of fast food. In the wake of 20th century Italy enjoyed the first pasta made from a factory and canned tomatoes. Later, Japanese women were relieved from waking up early to prepared bread by simply buying bread baked in factories. Similarly, in Greece, barley was roasted so that it can be eaten straight or mixed with milk, water or butter. In Mexico and the Aztecs, they roasted and ground maize. Further development followed in coming up with fast food and eventually supermarkets opened their doors in Eastern Europe making people enjoyed convenience and reliability of ready made food. This is what was needed over this long period of time; food that was fast can be preserved, affordable and processed. 3.0 Arguments supporting fast food It is worth noting from the onset that there is a tussle between supporters and opponents of fast food. According to Laudan 34, those against the idea of fast food lack appreciation by demeaning the efforts of and home economists that have tried to come up with crops that have very high yield and recipes for our daily meals respectively. 3.1. Saves time The most notable argument brought forth in support of fast food is that it saves time as well as convenience. Considering the fact that the current society is characterized with hectic work schedule making individuals be very busy most of their times, no time is available for them to look for food (Egerton Bleidt 203). Hence, fast food comes in handy. It is worth noting that minimal time is spend by visiting those restaurant as customers are served quickly, the time that could be lost in waiting for other foods to be cooked or cooking at home can be used to do other things. Additionally, the traditional role of men working in the fields and women spending almost their entire life in cooking for their families has changed as they can engage in other activities that are profitable to the society. On the same note fast food save time in the context that one will not engage in all those activities of buying, cleaning such food stuffs, cooking as well as washing dishes. It is also true that when one gets home after a tiresome day thus very tired and bored, the efforts needed to cook can be substituted with having fast food which are considered God sent especially during such moments. 3.2 Saves money Similarly, fast foods are cheaper. This is because they are made from cheaper ingredients such as refined grains, meat with a lot of fat among others instead of ingredients that are expensive and nutritious such as vegetables, lean meat and fresh fruits. On the same note considering people who live alone, the expenses of cooking are much higher compared to when buying fast food. It has been noted that with as low as $5.0 one can get a fulfilling meal without undergoing the numerous hustle of acquiring the same. In addition taking the context of soldiers or those who engage in similar activities, a lot of money is saved when these individual carry processed fast food. One, they will not need energy to cook such food and if need be, energy consumption will be minimal as compared to energy needed to cook à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“slow foodà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢. The money save can be used elsewhere. 3.3 Health advantage Despite the fact that those opposing fast food claim that it results to various problems in human health, it is worth noting that fast foods have contributed to taller and individuals with higher life expectancy. When our ancestors are compared with the current generation, it is evident that we are better off in fighting diseases hence living longer this is thanks to better medication, health science as well as fast food stuffs (Egerton Bleidt 113). 3.4 Sharing and convenience It is evident that fast food are usually packed in away that it can be taken out of the restaurant and eaten from anywhere, be it in the car, office, at the bus station. Additionally, unlike other kinds of food, fast food comes with the absolute advantage of splitting and sharing between or even amongst individuals (Watson 32). On the same note, there are those individual who do not like eating in public places, in this case fast food comes in handy as it can be consumed from any point. On the same note, when one is in a rush, he or she does not need to find a parking space; similarly, one does not need to get out of the car especially during bad whether. 3.5 Provision of employment and revenue generation In the current society, job opportunities have proved to be scarce. The faster growth of this industry globally stands at bout 5% and in the case of India, it stands at 41%. This kind of growth has seen to it a number of individuals are absorbed in this industry easing the problem of unemployment and overdependence on those few individuals who are employed. It is worth noting that the industry provide job opportunities to a range of professionals such as chefs, accountants, drivers, bakers, human resource managers (Lee et al 84). In terms of revenue generation, U.S alone generated about $100 billion in 2000 up from around 6 billion dollars thirty years ago. This value hit $145 billion mark in 2006; this kind of money can be used in various areas of fostering economy of the country such as financial medical care, education building infrastructure and so on. 3.6 Reliability A study carried out asking why individuals bought fast food established that reliability of such kind of food is what propels them to buying them. Fast foods are easy to obtain, are in plenty, varied in nature and readily available. 3.7 Nutritional information Most of the fast food joints have adopted a culture of making available the information concerning nutrients of their food. It is worth mentioning that with such kind of information as well as a number food stuff variety, one has a chance to choose the best kind of food that suits him or her. According to Conway many fast food restaurants provide guideline on nutrition in their menu, and those menus have significantly changed to include various healthy food stuffs for instance salads (Lee et al 77). 3.8 Promoted agriculture Since the ingredients used in making fast5 food are either from plant or animal origin, the rapid development of the industry has tremendously increased the number of individuals who practice crop farming as well as livestock keeping. Considering the large number of chickens, fish, grain mattock and beef needed more and more persons have engaged themselves in agricultural activities with the aim of earning an income as they try to meet the demand of fast food market (Watson 43). It is worth noting that agricultural development and growth especially in third world countries provide a larger portion of the population with job opportunities. This in turn help cut down the escalating number of unemployed citizen in any given country. The economic multiplier effect of expansion in agriculture has resulted to a positive Gross Domestic Product of various countries. 4.0 Arguments against fast food Those individuals that strongly oppose the idea of fast food in most cases cite the health risk the food poses to human kind. They totally disagree with those points brought forth by those who are pro fast food saying that nothing comes first than human health. 4.1 Health issues It has been brought forth that fast foods are characterized by high fat content, high calories, high cholesterol, and quick, high sodium concentration and made from ingredients that are cheap such as fat meat and refined grains. All these pose a greater risk to human health. Prominent scholars and health professionals have linked too much eating of fast food with such health problems as obesity, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disorders, and liver problems. 4.1.1 Heart attack Fast foods are prepared using Trans fat which is an artery-clogging fat. Food prepared using this fat includes French fries as well as chicken nuggets to mention but a few. When an individual takes this kind of food, there are very high chances of such an individual to have higher level of cholesterol which tremendously increases the risk of suffering from heart failures that can be fatal. 4.1.2 Increased high blood pressure As previously mention, fast food contains a good deal of sodium concentration, this aggravates the risk of high blood pressure. Higher concentration of sodium not only causes high blood pressure but also leads to a build up of fluid in those individuals affected by cirrhosis, heart problems as well as kidney disorders (Brennan Carpenter 510). 4.1.3 Obesity According to Wood 21 food such as cheeseburger do contain substantially larger amount of calories than what our body needs. Continual eating of such kind of food means that we accumulate a lot of calories in our body that are not useful leading to individuals being obese. This scenario is a perfect environment thus for a number of serious health problems as heart attack, cancer as well as diabetes. It is important to remember that this leads to other cost. In 2006 it was estimated that approximately $145 billion were spent in buying fast food, the amount coined to treating the problems associated with fast food did surpass the revenue generated. 4.1.4 Liver problem According to Doctor Ballantyne Christine of Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, frequent consumption of fast food leads to liver damage. Since the liver is responsible for purification/filtering of harmful substances as well as producing substances that help breakdown fats, when fast foods are consumed every now and then, the liver will be overloaded and damaged. This in turn leads to very serious health problems that can be fatal. 4.1.5 Stroke A study carried out by the University of Michigan established that those individuals who lived within a walking distance to a restaurant where fast food are sold have 13% chances of suffering from stroke. This is thus linked to the effects of obesity, high blood pressure and so on. 4.2 Addiction It has been documented that fast food is addictive. What this means is that individuals who are used to eating such foods cannot go for long without having a bit of such food. This is despite the fact of the health risk they are posing themselves to. Addiction is attributed to the fact that fast food high in calories, fats, salt and sugar usually reconfigure certain hormones in human body making the body yearn for more fast food (Brennan Carpenter 510). This leads to uncontrolled intake of such kind of foods making it more difficult for an individual to change their eating habits. 4.3 Higher chances of contamination Since fast food constitutes the type of foodstuffs that can be prepared within a very short time, some ingredients especially from plant origin have contaminants. The presence of these contaminants coupled with such cooking methods as frying and grilling do aggravate the problem of carcinogens as well as other kinds of contaminant which are deadly to human health. Additionally, the manner with which fast food are cooked leaves room for survival of microbes this is due to the fact that they are half-cooked. The presence of such microbes usually leads to a suffering from numerous diseases that when not properly and quickly treated lead to death. 4.4 Family bond The issue of fast food has been brought forth as another factor that jeopardizes family bond. This is because no or very minimal time is used in preparing food together, leave alone eating together. Young people are spending more of their time in having a meal with their fellow friends other than their family members (Schlosser 211). Psychologist hold that meal time is a family meeting where each and every member is in a position to share their thought, ideas, problems as well as feelings. This usually helps in strengthening the bond between and among family members. This is in jeopardy during this era of growth in fast food industries. 4.5 Lower nutritional content Fast food has been linked and it is a fact that most of them apart from pizza lack dietary fiber as well as essential micro-nutrients such as vitamin and minerals. It is worth mentioning that food that lack fiber brings with it a number of stomach complication such as constipation. In the same respect, fruit usually lack in this sort of diet. In addition fast food are not nutritionally balanced, this lack of essential nutrients leads to malnutrition to both adults and kids (Arsenault 5). 4.6 Environmental impact Although this can be disputed as mere statement with no facts, the impact of fast food when critically analyzed will leave one puzzled. According to the finding of New Community Project, approximately 15 pounds of grain and close to 2,500 gallons of water is used to come up with one pound of hamburger. Similarly considering the pace with which meat is consumed through fast food, more land will need to be created especially through deforestation to provide enough space to rising up castles, sheep and goats (Brennan Carpenter 507). What this mean is that our natural ecosystems will be interfered with in the long ran leading to serious consequences as species extinction, habitat destruction, global warming and many negative environmental impacts that do have serious and lethal consequences to human beings. Additionally, over reliance on animal food product will mean that both terrestrial and marine life will be overexploited to meet the ever increasing human demand on fast food (Schlosser 300). 4.7 Expensive Although previously it was stated that fast food is inexpensive, that was only true when considering an individual buying such kind of food Vis avis cooking at home. It is important to not that a family visiting or buying fast food once in a while is not that expensive, but when this is done more often, then the amount of money spent can be quite much more as compared to if the family could just buy the food in super market, take the time to prepared it and enjoy a dinner or lunch together as a family (Arsenault 12). Additionally, in fast food joints, even if the whole family goes there, the environment is not very conducive to ensure that each and every family members share their thought, feeling and ideas because the time to spend in such areas are always limited. 5.0 Dealing with the problem On the basis of the argument for and against fast food, it will only be rational if we seriously think and act properly. Proponents of fast food usually say those who that argue against fast food are misplaced, what they need to do is to advocate for high quality processed food. At present, what is needed is to develop a culture that is in line with fast processed food. The culture need to provide choices to individuals, ethos that does not intolerant. It is worth to note that this will create the kind of uniformity we need at the present (Laudan 39). It will be responsible if; Parents do not encourage their kids to frequently eat fast food as well as teaching them on how to eat healthy Parent should lead by example and encourage eating together at home Choosing healthy food with vegetables, less sodium, sugar and fat In cases where one is addicted to such kind of food, efforts should be made to help him/her out of the problem through the various available ways for instance seeing a nutritionist (Laudan 39) 6.0 Conclusion From the review of both arguments for and against fast food, it is very easy for one to advocate doing away with it. But further consideration can make one to on which side to take. Among the arguments brought forth by proponent of fast food include the following; fast food are cheap, convenient, reliable, Saves time, provide an opportunity of sharing, provision of employment and revenue generation among others. On the other hand, the various disadvantages that have been used to argue against fast food include the health concern of such food stuffs, the lower nutritional content, the negative impact it posses to the environment, higher chances of contamination there by increasing the risk of diseases, addiction, destruction or jeopardizing family bond to mention but a few. It is worth mentioning that the types of diseases or health hazard associated with fast food include but not limited to obesity, high blood pressure, liver problems, and heart problems/failure. From my point of view, I do not advocate for doing away with fast food due to its various disadvantages, I thus borrow from what Laudan, Rachel brought forth, that we should not fight the industry and bring it down to its knees but rather champion for further improvement of fast food that will bring out high quality and healthy food. This will indeed ensure that people consume healthy foods and at the same time cushioning those that depend on the industry for their daily bread from economic uncertainty of doing way with the sector.

Biffs Changing Perception in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

Biff's Changing Perception in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman In Death of a Salesman, Biff's perception of society is altered through a chain of events throughout the play.   His unrealistic expectations about how to succeed, learned from his father, eventually caused the destruction of his fantasies.   His concept of an ideal society, where being liked is what is needed to succeed, is harshly changed to a reality where he must realize that hard work and devotion are necessary to prosper.  Ã‚   Through a series of events, Biff gradually comes to a realization of what is necessary for success.   First, we are shown a part of his childhood where Biff is told that "the man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ahead."   This idea appears in direct contrast to Bernard, one of Biff's childhood friends, who works and studies hard.   Biff decides that Bernard will not succeed because he is "only liked, not well-liked," and being well-liked is the cornerstone of success. Nonetheless, later in the play we see that Bernard has become very successful, underscoring one of the messages in the play, that success is not just a result of popularity.   Second, we are shown a scene in Boston soon after Biff has just failed math for the year.   He discovers his "heroic" father having an affair.   Biff comes to the painful realization that his father's values, his views, and everything that Biff had mad e the foundation of his life, are all completely "fake" and "phony."   Unfortunately, he has nothing with which to replace it.   Lastly, Biff decides to leave to try and find himself, but an argument develops between Biff and Willy.   Biff begins to see himself as like his father, "nothing," just an average man trying to make a living, and quite possibly failing.   Biff's earlier image of his father's greatness has crumbled entirely, leaving a lost young man trying to find his way.   Biff realized that he now needs to find his own values in life.   He has finally tasted reality and now must dive head first into the pot, without any real preparation. Thus, it is clear that in the novel Death of a